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  1. Although un-guided or minimally guided instructional approaches are very popular and intuitively appeal-ing, the point is made that these approaches ignore both the structures that constitute human cognitive architecture and evidence from empirical studies over the past half-century that con-sistently indicate that minimally guided instruction is less effective and less efficient than in-structional approaches that place a...

    www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1207/s15326985e…
    paper by Paul Kirschner, John Sweller and Richard Clark (2006) titled ‘Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: an analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based, experiential, and inquiry-based teaching’ in which the authors make the case for fully guided instruction and the idea that most people learn best when provided with explicit instructional guidance.
    researched.org.uk/2018/07/06/research-that-chang…
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    Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction .... Evidence for the superiority of guided instruction is explained in the context of our knowledge of human cognitive architecture, expert–novice differences, and cognitive load.
    Any instructional procedure that ignores the structures that constitute human cognitive architecture is not likely to be ef-fective. Minimally guided instruction appears to proceed with no reference to the characteristics of working memory, long-term memory, or the intricate relations between them.
    The past half-century of empirical research on this issue has pro-vided overwhelming and unambiguous evidence that mini-mal guidance during instruction is significantly less effec-tive and efficient than guidance specifically designed to support the cognitive processing necessary for learning.
    Although unguided or minimally guided instructional approaches are very popular and intuitively appealing, the point is made that these approaches ignore both the structures that constitute human cognitive architecture and evidence from empirical studies over the past half-century that consistently indicate that minimally…
  3. Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction Does Not Work: An …

  4. Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction Does Not Work: An …

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  7. ERIC - EJ736299 - Why Minimal Guidance during Instruction Does …

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